URI, URL and URNA Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)is a string of characters that uniquely identify a name or a resource on the internet.URIs have two specializations known as Uniform Resource Locator (URL), and Uniform Resource Name (URN).A URI identifies a resource by name, location, or both.A Uniform Resource Locator (URL)is a type of URI that specifies not only a resource, but **how to reach..

NAT (Network Address Translation) is a networking technique that modifies the IP address information in packet headers while the packets pass through a router or firewall.Its primary purpose is to map private (internal) IP addresses to public (external) IP addresses, and vice versa. Real-World ExampleSuppose two employees (e.g., Manager Hongcheol and Deputy Gayoung) each have private IP address..

Addressing in OSI Layer 2 and Layer 3 In the OSI 7-layer model, only Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) and Layer 3 (Network Layer) use addressing schemes:Layer 2 uses a physical address, known as the MAC addressLayer 3 uses a logical address, known as the IP addressMAC Address (Layer 2)A MAC address is split into two 24-bit parts:OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier): Assigned by IEEE to identify th..

A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface for communication at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. Key Characteristics:It is a physical (hardware) address embedded into the Network Interface Card (NIC) of a device.All devices connected to a network must have a MAC address to participate in communication.The ARP (Address Resolution Pro..

While it is commonly assumed that communication between computers happens through IP addresses, the actual transmission at the data link layer relies on MAC addresses.In reality, IP addresses are used to find corresponding MAC addresses using ARP, and communication is performed based on those MAC addresses.What is ARP?ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a network protocol used to map an IP addr..

A load balancer is a device or software that distributes incoming client requests across multiple backend servers, with the goal of increasing the system’s capacity and reliability.It helps handle high volumes of traffic by distributing requests based on factors such as URL paths, server availability, cache state, and cookies.Many load balancers also include security features such as filtering o..